From the 1st CFO quiz:
10. Receiver A22 comes out of the backfield and runs a pass pattern across the middle. He leaps to make the catch, and while he is airborne he is hit by defender B33 just after A22 touches the ball. B33 executes this action by launching, hurling himself at A22, and driving his forearm and shoulder into A22’s chest, separating him from the ball, which falls to the ground for an incomplete pass.
a. Targeting foul by B33, who is disqualified from the game.
b. Legal play because the initial contact is not to the head or neck area of A22.
c. A22 is not a defenseless player.
REFERENCES: 9-1-4
COMMENTS: It is important to remember that 9-1-3 and 9-1-4 each have two components: targeting and contact with the crown of the helmet (9-1-3) or targeting and contact to the head/neck area of a defenseless player (9-1-4). This action by B33 has the elements of targeting (launch, etc.) but does not have the contact to the head/neck area of this defenseless player, so it is not a foul. Both components must be present in order for the action to be illegal.