In NCAA, the receiver who steps OOB becomes ineligible to catch a forward pass (but can catch the pass if it is deflected by B or an official). The receiver does not lose eligibility if he was forced out. The consequence for an ineligible out-of-bounds player touching the pass is loss of down at the previous spot, or de facto an incomplete pass.
On a kick, a player of the kicking team also cannot go out of bounds and return, unless he was forced out. This is presumably to avoid a player hiding out of bounds and re-appearing to make a tackle. The penalty is 5 yards from the previous spot, or a 5-yard penalty from the succeeeding spot, at the option of the receiving team.
NFHS could easily borrow these rules from NCAA whithout compromising the integrity of NFHS football.
Here's an IP rule revamp that I've written but never submitted. It breaks down the scenarios where we actually want it called and not have this generic "catch all" of going out of bounds and participating, which is super vague and up to interpretation.
9-6
ART. 1 . . .
Prior to a change of possession, or when there is no change of possession, During a scrimmage kick or free kick down, no player of A or K shall go out of bounds and return to the field during the down unless blocked out of bounds by an opponent. If a player is blocked out of bounds by an opponent and returns to the field during the down, he shall return at the first opportunity.
ART. 2 … No player of Team A shall go out of bounds and return to the field and touch a legal forward pass prior to the ball touching a Team B player, unless blocked out of bounds by an opponent. If a player is blocked out of bounds by an opponent and returns to the field during the down, he shall return at the first opportunity.ART. 2 . . . No player shall intentionally go out of bounds during the down and: (a) Return to the field; (b) Intentionally touch the ball; (c) Influence the play; or (d) Otherwise participate. ART. 3 … No player of A or B shall intentionally go out of bounds with the obvious intent of avoiding blockers to pursue the runner of the opposing team. If a player is blocked out of bounds by an opponent and returns to the field during the down, he shall return at the first opportunity.Art. 3 ART. 4 … No replaced player or substitute, coach, athletic trainer, or other attendant shall hinder an opponent, touch the ball, influence the play or otherwise participate.
Art. 4 ART. 5 … It is illegal participation: …
(etc)PENALTY: Illegal participation (Arts.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, g [live-ball, basic spot]) (S28
, S27) - (Arts
5b-f [live-ball, previous spot]) - (S28
, S27) - 15 yards.
(Arts. 1, 3 [live-ball, basic spot]) – (S28) – 5 yards. (Art. 2 [live-ball, basic spot]) – (S28, S9) – 5 yards, loss of down.