All this is specifically spelled out in 8-2.
To answer your question, yes. a foul by the opponents of the scoring team on a successful try can be enforced at the succeeding spot, which in the case you presented, would be the first play in overtime.
The differences between touchdown scoring plays and try's/field goals are spelled out and specifically worded for a reason.
On touchdowns when time has expired, there is no way to know whether there will be overtime until the try is attempted. Therefore the rulesmakers wisely stated that these fouls can only be taken on the KICKOFF, as opposed to the succeeding spot.
On Try's and field goals, these plays can easily result in a tied game at the conclusion, and so the rulesmakers (once again, wisely) determined fouls during these downs could be enforced from the SUCCEEDING SPOT. Because there will be a succeeding spot (either a kickoff or overtime) in the vast majority of situations. The only situation where that's not the case is a try that actually wins the game on the last play. In that case, the foul would be declined, and the game is over.